Please keep in mind that a proper diagnosis and personalised treatment plan should be obtained from a qualified healthcare professional.
Nevertheless, here are five common knee cap issues and some general approaches to dealing with them:
Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation:
This occurs when the kneecap partially or completely moves out of its normal position.
Initial treatment involves immobilising the knee, applying ice, and elevating the leg.
Physical therapy plays a crucial role in strengthening the muscles around the knee and improving stability.
In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair damaged ligaments or realign the patella.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS):
PFPS refers to pain around the kneecap, often caused by imbalances in muscle strength or abnormal patellar tracking.
Treatment involves rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and inflammation.
Physical therapy is essential to correct muscle imbalances, improve flexibility, and enhance biomechanics.
Orthotics or taping techniques may be used to optimise patellar alignment and reduce stress on the joint.
Patellar Tendinitis/Tendinopathy (Jumper's Knee):
This condition involves inflammation or degeneration of the patellar tendon due to repetitive stress or overuse.
Treatment typically starts with conservative measures, including rest, ice, physical therapy, and modifying activities.
Eccentric exercises, such as slowly lowering from a squat position, are often prescribed to strengthen the tendon.
In some cases, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may be considered.
Patellar Fracture:
A patellar fracture occurs when the kneecap breaks due to direct trauma or high-force impact.
Immediate immobilisation and elevation of the leg are crucial until medical attention is obtained.
Treatment may involve casting or surgical fixation depending on the fracture pattern and patient factors.
Rehabilitation includes physical therapy to regain range of motion, strength, and function of the knee joint.
Chondromalacia Patella:
Chondromalacia patella refers to softening or breakdown of the cartilage on the undersurface of the kneecap.
Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications.
Physical therapy aims to strengthen the quadriceps, improve biomechanics, and correct muscle imbalances.
Occasionally, arthroscopic surgery may be considered for more severe cases, involving cartilage repair or realignment.
Remember, these are general approaches, and each individual's condition may vary. Consulting with a qualified orthopaedic surgeon or sports medicine specialist is essential for an accurate diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan.
More on Professor Paul Lee.